Course Content
A. Syllables
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A.01. Recognize that syllables are the building blocks of words.
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A.02. Identify the number of syllables in a given word.
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A.03. Distinguish words based on their syllable count.
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A.04. Categorize words by the number of syllables they contain.
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A.05. Divide multi-syllabic words into their individual syllables.
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A.06. Create new words by combining syllables
B. Rhyming Words
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B.01. Recognize words that rhyme based on auditory cues.
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B.02. Identify a picture that rhymes with a given word.
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B.03. Discriminate between rhyming and non-rhyming words.
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B.04. Identify a word that does not rhyme with a given set of words.
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B.05. Complete simple rhymes with appropriate rhyming words.
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B.06. Complete a short poem by adding a rhyming word.
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B.07. Solve riddles by spelling rhyming words.
C. Short Vowels
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C.01. Recognize the sounds of short vowels (a, e, i, o, u).
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C.02. Identify words that contain short vowel sounds.
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C.03. Complete words by adding the correct short vowel.
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C.04. Spell words containing short “a.”
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C.05. Spell words containing short “e.”
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C.06. Spell words containing short “i.”
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C.07. Spell words containing short “o.”
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C.08. Spell words containing short “u.”
D. Consonant Blends and Digraphs
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D.01. Recognize common consonant blends at the beginning of words.
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D.02. Recognize common consonant blends at the end of words.
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D.03. Identify and spell words containing initial consonant blends.
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D.04. Identify and spell words containing final consonant blends.
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D.05. Recognize common consonant digraphs (ch, sh, th, ph, qu, wh).
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D.06. Complete words by adding the correct consonant digraph (ch, sh, th).
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D.07. Complete words by adding the correct consonant digraph (ph, qu, wh).
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D.08. Spell words using the digraphs ch, sh, and th.
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D.09. Spell words using the digraphs ph, qu, and wh.
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D.10. Sort words based on their initial consonant blend or digraph.
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D.11. Recognize and complete words with three-letter consonant blends.
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D.12. Use three-letter consonant blend words in complete sentences.
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D.13. Recognize and complete words with silent letters.
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D.14. Differentiate between blends and digraphs.
E. Long and Short Vowel Patterns
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E.01. Distinguish between short and long vowel sounds in words.
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E.02. Sort words into categories based on whether they contain short or long vowel sounds.
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E.03. Match pictures to words containing short “a” and long “a” sounds.
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E.04. Match pictures to words containing short “e” and long “e” sounds.
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E.05. Choose the correct spelling of words with short “i” or long “i” sounds to match a picture.
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E.06. Choose the correct spelling of words with short “o” or long “o” sounds to match a picture.
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E.07. Choose the correct spelling of words with short “u” or long “u” sounds to match a picture.
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E.08. Use spelling patterns to differentiate between long and short vowel sounds.
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E.09. Identify whether a syllable is open or closed.
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E.10. Spell words with open and closed syllables correctly.
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E.11. Complete sentences using correct -ild, -ind, -old, -olt, or -ost words.
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E.12. Apply knowledge of vowel sounds to decode unfamiliar words.
F. Silent ‘e’
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F.01. Recognize the effect of a silent ‘e’ on a vowel sound.
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F.02. Choose the silent ‘e’ word that corresponds to a given picture.
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F.03. Complete words by adding the silent ‘e’ at the end.
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F.04. Spell words that contain a silent ‘e’.
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F.05. Understand how the placement of ‘e’ changes the pronunciation of the vowel.
G. Vowel Digraphs
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G.01. Recognize common vowel digraphs (e.g., ai, ea, oa).
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G.02. Match pictures to words containing specific vowel digraphs.
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G.03. Complete words by adding the correct vowel digraph.
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G.04. Choose the sentence with a vowel digraph that matches a given picture.
H. Diphthongs: oi, oy, ou, ow
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H.01. Recognize the sounds of diphthongs (oi, oy, ou, ow).
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H.02. Choose the diphthong word that corresponds to a given picture.
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H.03. Complete words by adding the correct diphthong (oi, oy, ou, ow).
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H.04. Choose the sentence containing a diphthong that matches a given picture.
I. Variant Vowels
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I.01. Identify and use words with variant vowels (e.g., aw, au, al).
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I.02. Complete words by adding the correct variant vowel.
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I.03. Determine which word in a set has a different vowel sound due to variant vowels.
J. Long Vowel Patterns
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J.01. Identify and choose words with specific long vowel sounds.
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J.02. Spell long “a” words using the silent e, ai, and ay patterns.
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J.03. Spell long “e” words using the ee and ea patterns.
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J.04. Spell long “i” words using the silent e, ie, and y patterns.
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J.05. Spell long “o” words using the silent e, oa, and ow patterns.
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J.06. Spell long “u” words using the silent e, ue, oo, and ew patterns.
K. Soft ‘g’ and ‘c’
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K.01. Understand the concept of soft and hard ‘g’ and ‘c’ sounds.
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K.02. Sort words into categories based on whether they have a soft or hard ‘g’ or ‘c’ sound.
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K.03. Choose the correct soft ‘g’ or soft ‘c’ word that matches a picture.
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K.04. Choose the sentence that uses the soft ‘g’ or soft ‘c’ word correctly, based on a picture.
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K.05. Spell words with soft ‘g’ or soft ‘c’ sounds.
L. Two-Syllable Words
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L.01. Combine two syllables to create a word (easier combinations).
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L.02. Combine two syllables to create a word (harder combinations).
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L.03. Complete two-syllable words by filling in missing syllables.
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L.04. Use two-syllable words correctly in complete sentences.
M. Consonant-l-e
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M.01. Recognize the consonant-l-e syllable pattern.
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M.02. Complete words following the consonant-l-e pattern.
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M.03. Choose the correct spelling of words with the consonant-l-e pattern.
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M.04. Spell words with the consonant-l-e pattern.
N. Sight Words
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N.01. Recognize and identify common sight words by listening to them.
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N.02. Choose the correct sight word to complete a sentence.
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N.03. Spell common sight words correctly.
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N.04. Use sight words to improve reading fluency.
O. Prefixes and Suffixes
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O.01. Understand how prefixes and suffixes alter word meanings.
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O.02. Complete words by adding the correct ending based on auditory cues.
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O.03. Identify the base word, prefix, and suffix in a given word.
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O.04. Determine the meaning of a word with the prefixes pre-, re-, or mis-.
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O.05. Use the prefixes pre-, re-, and mis- correctly to form new words.
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O.06. Determine the meaning of a word with the suffixes -ful or -less.
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O.07. Review and apply knowledge of various prefixes and suffixes.
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O.08. Construct words using provided prefixes, suffixes and root words.
P. Compound Words
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P.01. Identify and form compound words by combining two smaller words.
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P.02. Create compound words and use them correctly in sentences.
Q. Categories
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Q.01. Sort words into appropriate categories based on their meanings or attributes.
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Q.02. Identify the word in a set that does not belong with the others.
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Q.03. Explain why certain words belong to particular categories.
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Q.04. Create categories based on shared characteristics of words.
R. Synonyms and Antonyms
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R.01. Define synonyms as words with similar meanings.
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R.02. Choose the synonym for a given word.
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R.03. Identify synonyms in context within sentences.
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R.04. Define antonyms as words with opposite meanings.
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R.05. Choose the antonym for a given word.
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R.06. Identify sentences that use antonyms correctly.
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R.07. Identify antonyms in context within sentences.
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R.08. Determine which sentence has the same meaning as a given sentence, using synonyms.
S. Homophones
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S.01. Recognize that homophones are words that sound alike but have different meanings and spellings.
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S.02. Identify homophones using pictures as visual cues.
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S.03. Discriminate between homophones in sentences.
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S.04. Use the correct homophone in a sentence based on context.
T. Multiple-Meaning Words
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T.01. Recognize that some words have more than one meaning.
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T.02. Identify multiple-meaning words using pictures as visual cues.
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T.03. Determine the correct meaning of a multiple-meaning word based on its context in a sentence.
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T.04. Generate different meanings for given multiple-meaning words.
U. Shades of Meaning
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U.01. Understand that words can have related but slightly different meanings (shades of meaning).
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U.02. Find words with related meanings in a given context.
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U.03. Describe the difference between related words with similar meanings.
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U.04. Order related words based on the intensity or degree of their meaning.
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U.05. Use words with nuanced meaning to create more specific and descriptive text.
V. Idioms
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V.01. Recognize that idioms are expressions with figurative meanings.
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V.02. Choose the picture that best represents the meaning of a given idiomatic expression.
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V.03. Interpret the meaning of idioms within sentences.
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V.04. Differentiate between literal and idiomatic meanings.
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V.05. Use idioms to improve creative and descriptive writing.
W. Context Clues
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W.01. Understand that context clues can help determine the meaning of unfamiliar words.
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W.02. Use context clues within a sentence to identify the meaning of a word.
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W.03. Identify different types of context clues (definition, example, contrast, etc.).
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W.04. Infer the meaning of unfamiliar words from surrounding sentences and paragraphs.
X. Reference Skills
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X.01. Understand the purpose and use of reference materials such as dictionaries.
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X.02. Order words alphabetically based on the first letter.
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X.03. Order words alphabetically based on the first two letters.
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X.04. Order words alphabetically based on the first three letters.
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X.05. Use guide words to locate words within a dictionary.
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X.06. Interpret and use information found in dictionary entries.
Y. Sequence
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Y.01. Understand the concept of chronological order in narratives.
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Y.02. Identify the correct sequence of events in a story.
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Y.03. Order events from a story to recreate the sequence of the plot.
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Y.04. Summarize the story based on its sequence of events.
Z. Inference and Analysis
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Z.01. Understand that inferences are conclusions drawn from textual evidence.
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Z.02. Use actions and dialogue to understand the characters in a story.
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Z.03. Make inferences about characters’ motivations and feelings.
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Z.04. Analyze the elements of a story, such as plot, character, and setting.
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Z.05. Draw conclusions and make predictions based on information presented in stories.
AA. Theme
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AA.01. Understand that themes are the underlying messages or lessons in a story.
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AA.02. Determine the themes of myths, fables, and folktales.
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AA.03. Identify supporting evidence for the themes of a story.
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AA.04. Compare and contrast themes across different stories.
BB. Topic and Purpose
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BB.01. Understand the different purposes of texts (e.g., to inform, persuade, entertain).
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BB.02. Identify the primary purpose of a given text.
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BB.03. Determine the main topic of a text.
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BB.04. Distinguish between the topic and the purpose of a text.
CC. Cause and Effect
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CC.01. Understand the relationship between causes and effects.
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CC.02. Match each effect to its corresponding cause in a given scenario.
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CC.03. Match each cause to its corresponding effect in a given scenario.
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CC.04. Identify cause-and-effect relationships within stories and informational texts.
DD. Compare and Contrast
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DD.01. Understand the concepts of comparing and contrasting.
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DD.02. Compare and contrast information presented in informational passages.
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DD.03. Identify similarities and differences between two or more subjects.
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DD.04. Organize information using comparison and contrast graphic organizers.
EE. Informational Texts
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EE.01. Read and understand informational passages on various topics.
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EE.02. Identify the main idea and supporting details in informational texts.
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EE.03. Answer comprehension questions based on informational passages.
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EE.04. Summarize the key points of an informational text.
FF. Organising Writing
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FF.01. Understand the importance of organizing ideas in writing.
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FF.02. Put sentences in a logical order to create a coherent paragraph.
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FF.03. Create an outline to plan the structure of a written piece.
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FF.04. Revise a piece of writing to improve its organization and flow.
GG. Topic Sentences
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GG.01. Understand the function of a topic sentence in a paragraph.
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GG.02. Choose appropriate topic sentences for narrative paragraphs.
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GG.03. Choose appropriate topic sentences for expository paragraphs.
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GG.04. Write effective topic sentences for different types of paragraphs.
HH. Linking Words
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HH.01. Understand the role of linking words in connecting ideas.
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HH.02. Use conjunctions (e.g., and, but, or) to combine sentences and ideas.
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HH.03. Use subordinating conjunctions (e.g., because, although, if) to show relationships between clauses.
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HH.04. Identify time-order words (e.g., first, then, next) in a sequence of events.
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HH.05. Use time-order words to indicate sequence in writing.
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HH.06. Use transition words to smoothly connect ideas.
II. Author’s Purpose
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II.01. Understand that authors write for different purposes (e.g., to inform, persuade, entertain).
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II.02. Choose the text that matches a specific writer’s purpose.
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II.03. Identify the author’s purpose based on the text’s content and style.
JJ. Opinion Writing
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JJ.01. Differentiate between facts and opinions.
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JJ.02. Complete sentences by providing either a fact or an opinion, as requested.
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JJ.03. Complete an opinion passage by adding a relevant example.
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JJ.04. Complete an opinion passage by adding a logical reason.
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JJ.05. Complete an opinion-reason-example table to structure persuasive arguments.
KK. Descriptive Details
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KK.01. Understand the role of sensory details in creating vivid writing.
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KK.02. Choose sensory details that correspond to a given picture.
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KK.03. Add descriptive details to sentences to enhance imagery.
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KK.04. Revise sentences to use stronger and more descriptive verbs.
LL. Sentences, Fragments and Run-ons
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LL.01. Identify the four types of sentences: statements, questions, commands, and exclamations.
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LL.02. Distinguish between the four types of sentences: statements, questions, commands, and exclamations.
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LL.03. Identify the subject of a sentence.
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LL.04. Identify the predicate of a sentence.
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LL.05. Determine whether a group of words is a complete sentence or a fragment.
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LL.06. Determine whether a group of words is a complete sentence or a run-on sentence.
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LL.07. Determine whether a group of words is a complete sentence, a fragment, or a run-on sentence.
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LL.08. Unscramble words to create a complete sentence.
MM. Nouns
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MM.01. Define nouns as words that name persons, places, things, or ideas.
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MM.02. Select the nouns from a list of words.
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MM.03. Identify nouns within a sentence.
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MM.04. Differentiate between common and proper nouns.
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MM.05. Identify common and proper nouns in sentences.
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MM.06. Form regular plural nouns by adding -s or -es.
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MM.07. Use regular plural nouns correctly in sentences.
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MM.08. Use both singular and plural nouns correctly in writing.
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MM.09. Determine whether a noun is singular or plural.
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MM.10. Form and use irregular plural nouns (e.g., children, mice).
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MM.11. Identify plural nouns, singular possessive nouns, and plural possessive nouns.
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MM.12. Form the singular or plural possessive form of a noun correctly.
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MM.13. Identify and correct errors related to plural and possessive nouns in sentences.
NN. Pronouns
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NN.01. Define pronouns as words that replace nouns.
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NN.02. Identify personal pronouns (e.g., I, me, he, she, it, we, they).
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NN.03. Choose between subject and object personal pronouns correctly.
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NN.04. Replace singular nouns with appropriate personal pronouns.
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NN.05. Replace plural nouns with appropriate personal pronouns.
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NN.06. Use “I” and “me” correctly in compound subjects and objects.
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NN.07. Choose the correct personal pronoun to use in a sentence.
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NN.08. Identify possessive pronouns (e.g., mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs).
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NN.09. Use possessive pronouns correctly in sentences.
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NN.10. Choose between personal and reflexive pronouns correctly.
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NN.11. Use reflexive pronouns (e.g., myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, themselves) correctly.
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NN.12. Understand and use indefinite pronouns (e.g., everyone, someone, anyone, no one).
OO. Verb Types
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OO.01. Define verbs as words that describe actions or states of being.
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OO.02. Use action verbs to describe physical or mental actions.
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OO.03. Identify action verbs in sentences.
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OO.04. Identify helping verbs (e.g., is, are, was, were, have, has, had, do, does, did, can, could, should, would, may, might, must).
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OO.05. Distinguish between action verbs and linking verbs.
PP. Subject-Verb Agreement
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PP.05. Maintain pronoun-verb agreement in sentences.
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PP.01. Understand the concept of subject-verb agreement.
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PP.02. Determine whether a subject is singular or plural.
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PP.03. Use the correct form of a verb to agree with a singular or plural subject.
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PP.04. Choose the correct subject or verb to maintain agreement in a sentence.
QQ. Verb Tense
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QQ.01. Identify sentences written in the regular past tense.
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QQ.02. Identify verbs in the regular past tense form (ending in -ed).
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QQ.03. Form and use the regular past tense of verbs correctly.
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QQ.04. Change a sentence from present tense to future tense.
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QQ.05. Identify irregular past tense verbs (Set 1).
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QQ.06. Identify irregular past tense verbs (Set 2).
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QQ.07. Form and use irregular past tense verbs (Set 1) correctly.
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QQ.08. Form and use irregular past tense verbs (Set 2) correctly.
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QQ.09. Form and use irregular past tense verbs (Set 3) correctly.
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QQ.10. Form and use irregular past tense verbs (Set 4) correctly.
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QQ.11. Match sentences using -ed (past tense) and -ing (present participle) to corresponding pictures.
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QQ.12. Use the correct present tense form of the verb “to be” (is, are, am).
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QQ.13. Use the correct past tense form of the verb “to be” (was, were).
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QQ.14. Use the correct form of the verb “to be” in sentences.
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QQ.15. Use the correct form of the verb “to have” in sentences (has, have, had).
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QQ.16. Place sentences with irregular verbs on a timeline to indicate when the action occurred.
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QQ.17. Determine whether a sentence is in the past, present, or future tense.
RR. Articles
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RR.01. Understand the difference between definite and indefinite articles.
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RR.02. Use the correct indefinite article: a or an, depending on the following word.
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RR.03. Identify articles (a, an, the) in sentences.
SS. Adjectives and Adverbs
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SS.01. Understand the function of adjectives in describing nouns.
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SS.02. Use adjectives that appeal to the five senses (sense words).
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SS.03. Identify whether an adjective describes the kind or the number of a noun.
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SS.04. Identify the adjective that describes a specific noun in a sentence.
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SS.05. Identify adjectives in sentences.
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SS.06. Identify comparative and superlative adjectives (e.g., bigger, biggest).
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SS.07. Understand the function of adverbs in modifying verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.
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SS.08. Determine whether an adverb tells how, when, or where an action occurs.
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SS.09. Identify adverbs in sentences.
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SS.10. Choose between using an adjective or an adverb in a given sentence.
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SS.11. Determine whether a word in a sentence is functioning as an adjective or an adverb.
TT. Prepositions
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TT.01. Understand the role of prepositions in showing relationships between elements in a sentence.
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TT.02. Select the best preposition to match a given picture.
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TT.03. Select the best preposition to complete a sentence and show a relationship between objects.
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TT.04. Identify prepositions in sentences.
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TT.05. Use prepositional phrases to add detail and clarity to writing.
UU. Contractions
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UU.01. Understand that contractions combine two words into one using an apostrophe.
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UU.02. Form pronoun-verb contractions (e.g., I’m, you’re, he’s, she’s, it’s, we’re, they’re).
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UU.03. Form contractions with “not” (e.g., can’t, don’t, isn’t, aren’t, wasn’t, weren’t).
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UU.04. Use pronoun-verb contractions correctly in sentences.
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UU.05. Use contractions with “not” correctly in sentences.
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UU.06. Use various types of contractions appropriately in sentences.
VV. Capitalisation
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VV.01. Understand the basic rules of capitalization in English.
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VV.02. Capitalize the names of people and pets.
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VV.03. Capitalize the names of days, months, and holidays.
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VV.04. Capitalize the names of places and geographic features.
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VV.05. Capitalize titles (e.g., Mr., Ms., Dr.).
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VV.06. Capitalize the greetings and closings of letters.
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VV.07. Identify errors in capitalisation in sentences.
